Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a flame retardant: these places all use it.

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is a common chemical product, a white crystal that dissolves in water. It has significant fire-retardant properties and is used in many everyday items, quietly helping to reduce fire risks, though it is not easily noticed in everyday life.

In home decoration materials, Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate is quite common. For example, the carpets in our homes, especially in living rooms and bedrooms, are often treated with flame retardants. During carpet production, Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate is dissolved in water, and the carpet fabric is soaked in it. After drying, the flame-retardant components remain in the fibers. If a spark accidentally lands on the carpet, it won't catch fire immediately like a regular carpet. Instead, it will slow down the burning process and may even extinguish itself. This is because Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate decomposes when exposed to high temperatures, releasing ammonia gas and water vapor. These gases separate oxygen from the flame and lower the surrounding temperature, effectively extinguishing the fire. For households with children, choosing such treated carpets significantly enhances safety.

Upholstered furniture like sofas and mattresses also commonly use this material. The fabrics and fillings of upholstered furniture are flammable, but adding an appropriate amount of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate during processing can enhance their fire resistance rating. For example, after treatment, a sofa cover exposed to a small flame source like a cigarette butt will only leave a small burn mark and will not ignite into a large-scale fire. Mattresses are particularly critical; in the event of a fire while someone is asleep, a flame-retardant mattress can buy more time for escape and reduce the risk of injury or loss of life. Many reputable manufacturers now indicate in their product manuals whether their furniture has undergone flame-retardant treatment, with many using Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate in the process.

Fire-resistant requirements for building materials in public spaces are stricter, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate plays a crucial role here. Seats in cinemas and curtains in theaters are often treated with this fire retardant. Cinemas are crowded places, and a fire there could have severe consequences. The Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate in the seat fabric can slow down combustion, giving people time to evacuate. Curtains are hung high up and made of flammable fabric. When treated, they are combined with an Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate solution to ensure that once ignited, the fire does not spread rapidly, giving firefighters time to extinguish it. Classroom curtains in schools and office curtains also often use this treatment method, especially in densely populated areas where fire-retardant measures are essential.

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can also play a role in some plastic products. For example, when manufacturing plastic storage boxes or appliance casings at home, adding a small amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate during processing can make the plastic less prone to ignition. Ordinary plastic melts and drips quickly when exposed to fire, spreading flames. However, treated plastic burns more slowly and may even extinguish itself after being removed from the heat source. Using this flame-retardant plastic for appliance casings, such as televisions and washing machines, enhances safety and reduces the risk of fire caused by electrical shorts.

It is also used in wood processing. Some wooden furniture and flooring are treated with a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance fire resistance. After absorbing the fire retardant, the wood is less likely to ignite when exposed to fire, and the spread of flames is significantly slowed. This is particularly important for wooden decorations in public spaces, such as wooden walls in hotels or wooden display cases in shopping malls, as such treatment can reduce losses in the event of a fire.

When using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a fire retardant, the dosage must be appropriate. Too little will not achieve the desired fire-retardant effect, while too much may impair material performance, such as causing fabrics to harden or plastics to become brittle. Manufacturers precisely control the addition ratio based on the characteristics of different materials to ensure both fire resistance and user experience.

In summary, while Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate as a flame retardant may not be directly visible to us, it plays a crucial role in furniture, construction materials, and plastic products by slowing combustion and blocking oxygen, thereby enhancing safety in our daily lives. Understanding this can help us pay more attention to flame retardant performance when selecting home goods, making our lives safer.

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